A gene gets rewritten inside a living person for the first time
Prime Medicine, a company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, announced earlier this month that it had treated the first person in its prime editing trial, the first known case of that technique altering DNA directly in a human body 25.
The target is Wilson disease, caused by mutations in a gene called ATP7B. That gene makes a protein that carries excess copper out of liver cells, and without it the copper builds up and can damage the liver and the nerves 25. The treatment rewrites DNA in the liver cells to erase the mutation. It does not switch the gene off. That distinction matters: Casgevy, the only gene-editing therapy the FDA has approved so far, uses CRISPR-Cas9, which is often used to disable genes rather than rewrite them 25. Base editing can fix single DNA letters but cannot make the corrections the most common ATP7B mutations need, so prime editing was the tool left standing 25.

