The Ledger · Entry 05

Smallpox is the first human disease ever eradicated

Reported smallpox cases worldwide, then eradication

122,098 in 1967
zero in 1980

Data: Our World in Data, based on WHO

Smallpox killed roughly a third of the people it infected, and had done so since antiquity. A worldwide vaccination and ring-containment campaign hunted each outbreak to its edge, ending in the last natural case in 1977.

Reported smallpox cases worldwide, 1967 to 1977: from 122,098 to 3,234. Source: Our World in Data, based on WHO. 122,098 1967 19,278 1975 3,234 1977
Source: Our World in Data, based on WHO · CC BY 4.0 · retrieved 2026-07-02. Underlying data: World Health Organization, smallpox eradication programme records.

The key rows

1967 122,098 Reported cases as the intensified campaign begins.
1975 19,278 Containment closing in.
1977 3,234 The last natural cases are recorded.

From the record

DECLARES SOLEMNLY THAT THE WORLD AND ALL ITS PEOPLES HAVE WON FREEDOM FROM SMALLPOX, WHICH WAS A MOST DEVASTATING DISEASE SWEEPING IN EPIDEMIC FORM THROUGH MANY COUNTRIES SINCE EARLIEST TIMES, LEAVING DEATH, BLINDNESS AND DISFIGUREMENT IN ITS WAKE AND WHICH ONLY A DECADE AGO WAS RAMPANT IN AFRICA, ASIA AND SOUTH AMERICA;

Thirty-third World Health Assembly The governing body of the World Health Organization, in its resolution WHA33.3 Declaration of Global Eradication of Smallpox, 1980

In 1980 the World Health Assembly declared the disease gone. It remains the only human disease ever eradicated.

Asked often

When was smallpox eradicated?

The World Health Assembly declared smallpox eradicated on 8 May 1980, in resolution WHA33.3. The last natural case was recorded in 1977.

Is smallpox the only eradicated disease?

Smallpox is the only human disease ever eradicated. Rinderpest, a cattle disease, is the only other eradicated disease of any kind.

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