The Ledger · Entry 27

Open defecation has become rare

Share of the world's population practicing open defecation

21.1% in 2000
4.3% in 2024

Data: Our World in Data, based on the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)

Open defecation, relieving oneself in fields, ditches or open water for want of a toilet, spreads the diseases that kill children: cholera, typhoid, and the diarrhoea that dehydrates the very young. In 2000 more than one in five people worldwide still had no choice but to do it.

Share of the world's population practicing open defecation, 2000 to 2024: from 21.1% to 4.3%. Source: Our World in Data, based on the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP). 21.1% 2000 14.0% 2010 7.1% 2020 4.3% 2024
Source: Our World in Data, based on the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) · CC BY 4.0 · retrieved 2026-07-16. Underlying data: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP).

The key rows

2000 21.1% More than one in five people worldwide.
2010 14.0% A third of the way down in a decade.
2020 7.1% Below one in ten.
2024 4.3% Fewer than one in twenty, the lowest on record.

By 2024 that was down to fewer than one in twenty, as toilets, sewers and sanitation campaigns reached billions more people. The practice has not vanished, and where it persists it tends to cluster among the poorest and most rural, but it has gone from common to rare in a single generation.

Asked often

How common is open defecation now?

In 2024 about 4.3% of the world practiced open defecation, down from 21.1% in 2000. It has gone from common to rare in a generation.

Why does ending open defecation save lives?

It cuts off a major route by which faecal bacteria reach drinking water and food, reducing cholera, typhoid and the diarrhoea that kills young children.

The world also got better today.

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