2 things science and human progress accomplished on this date.
Updated
1849
Ivan Pavlov is born
Ivan Pavlov, the Russian physiologist who discovered classical conditioning, was born in Ryazan. He showed that a dog could learn to link a sound with food and then salivate at the signal alone. His work opened the scientific study of how animals and people learn.
When a Soviet warning system reported American missiles inbound, duty officer Stanislav Petrov judged it a false alarm and refused to pass the alert up the chain. He was right: sunlight glinting off high clouds had fooled the satellites. His calm may have spared the world a nuclear catastrophe.